Today in History (October 18^th, 1950)

Om Rajesh Puri (18 October 1950 – 6 January 2017), one of those famous actors of Hindi films, who could play any role with his acting ability. He was a classic actor of Indian cinema. Every style of his acting impresses the audience. When Om Puri’s smiling face is seen on the silver screen, then the audience also feels his happiness and the audience is also sad in his pain. For his valuable contribution to Hindi films, he was also honored with ‘National Film Award’, ‘Filmfare Award’ and ‘Padma Shri’ etc. Om Puri was that star of Hindi cinema, whom people loved to see in every role. Be it artistic cinema or commercial cinema, he was able to make an impact everywhere. He was born on 18 October 1950 in Ambala, Punjab

Let’s Revise

A) Which Indian person received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979?

1. Rabindranath Tagore
2. Mother Teresa
3. Har Gobind Khorana
4. Sir CV Raman

Answer: B)
Rationale: Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work.

B) Which prize did Rabindranath Tagore win in 1913?

1. Nobel Prize in Physics
2. Nobel Prize in Medicine
3. Nobel Prize in Literature
4. Nobel Peace Prize

Answer: C)
Rationale: Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his poetic work.

C) What is the primary focus of Har Gobind Khorana’s Nobel Prize work?

1. Theories of relativity
2. Genetic code interpretation
3. Quantum mechanics
4. Light scattering

Answer: B)
Rationale: Khorana received the Nobel Prize for his work on the genetic code and protein synthesis. Har Gobind Khorana shared his 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”.

D) In what year did Sir CV Raman win the Nobel Prize in 1930 in?

1. Chemistry
2. Physics
3. Maths
4. Literature

Answer: B)
Rationale: Sir CV Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his research on the Raman Effect.

E) What phenomenon does the Raman Effect involve?

1. Gene synthesis
2. Scattering of light
3. Molecular bonding
4. Protein folding

Answer: B)
Rationale: The Raman Effect refers to the scattering of monochromatic light through a medium.

F) Which book did Rabindranath Tagore write that contributed to his Nobel Prize win?

1. The Vegetarian
2. Gitanjali
3. Love of Yeosu
4. The God of Small Things

Answer: B)
Rationale: Tagore’s Nobel Prize was awarded for his book “Gitanjali.”

G) The Nobel Prize of Physics 2024 has been awarded for?

1. Environmental science
2. Machine learning and AI
3. Quantum physics
4. Theoretical chemistry

Answer: B)
Rationale: The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for foundational discoveries in machine learning.

H) Who were the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2024?

1. David Baker and John Jumper
2. Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
3. Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield
4. Har Gobind Khorana and Robert Holley

Answer: B)
Rationale: They were recognized for their discoveries related to microRNA and gene regulation.

I) David Baker has been awarded the Nobel Prize 2024. What did David Baker contribute to the field?

1. Economics
2. Chemistry
3. Light scattering
4. Peace

Answer: B)
Rationale: Baker was awarded for his groundbreaking work in Chemistry on computational protein design.

J) Han Kang has been awarded the Nobel Prize of Literature 2024. What is the name of this novel?

1. The Midnight Children
2. The Vegetarian
3. The Nagasaki
4. The Hiroshima

Answer: B)
Rationale: Han Kang has been awarded the Nobel Prize of Literature 2024 for her novel “The Vegetarian”. The novel addresses the consequences of rejecting societal norms, particularly related to food consumption.

K) Which Nobel Prize was awarded for foundational discoveries in protein structure prediction?

1. 2024 Chemistry
2. 2024 Medicine
3. 2024 Peace
4. 2024 Literature

Answer: A)
Rationale: The prize was awarded for contributions to protein structure prediction and design.

L) Which one of the following is among the Nobel Laureates for Physics of 2024?

1. John Hopfield, Geoffrey Hinton
2. David Baker, Demis Hassabis
3. Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun
4. John Jumper, Demis Hassabis

Answer: A)
Rationale: Nobel Prize in Physics 2024: John Hopfield, Geoffrey Hinton awarded for work on machine learning.

Summary of Today’s News

The Nobel Prizes 2024-Part-3

Nobel Prize 2024 in Economic Sciences
The 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. They researched why global inequality continues, especially in corrupt or dictatorial countries.

Where They Work:
Acemoglu and Johnson are at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), while Robinson is at the University of Chicago.

Key Findings:
• Their research shows how important strong institutions are for a country’s success.

Good Institutions:
These include democracy, strong laws, and protection of property rights. They create a stable environment where people feel safe to invest and contribute.

Bad Institutions:
These are often authoritarian and concentrate power among a few, leading to insecurity and low motivation for long-term investment.

Why This Matters:
• The type of institutions in a country affects people’s willingness to invest and innovate.
• In countries with good institutions, people are more likely to invest and support economic growth.
• In countries with bad institutions, insecurity holds back progress.

Case Studies: India and China:
• Different Paths: India has a democratic system but has grown more slowly than China, which has succeeded under an authoritarian regime.
• Future Outlook: Some believe India can still reach its economic potential by strengthening its institutions. However, China’s lack of good institutions might hinder its future growth, possibly changing the global economic landscape.