Today in History (November 4th, 1889)
It is the day when Jamnalal Bajaj, a freedom fighter, industrialist and anthropologist, born. He was very close and a true follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He became the treasurer of the Congress in 1920 and he remained in this post for the rest of his life. He had established ‘Satyagraha Ashram’ in Wardha. Apart from this, institutions like Gau Seva Sangh, Gandhi Seva Sangh, Cheap Sahitya Mandal etc. were also established by him. Jamnalal Bajaj was opposed to caste discrimination and also tried for the upliftment of Harijans. The ‘Jamnalal Bajaj Award’ has been instituted in his memory for doing commendable work in social fields. He was born on 4 November 1889 in Rajasthan.
Let’s Revise
1.What is the primary role of CERT-In?
A) To develop software applications
B) To respond to cybersecurity incidents
C) To provide internet services
D) To regulate telecommunications
Answer: B)
Explanation: CERT-In is responsible for managing and responding to cybersecurity incidents in India, including providing alerts and guidance to mitigate threats.
2.When was CERT-In established?
A) 2000
B) 2004
C) 2010
D) 2015
Answer: B)
Explanation: CERT-In was established in 2004 as part of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India, to enhance the security of India’s cyber infrastructure.
3.Which of the following is NOT a function of CERT-In?
A) Incident response and analysis
B) Providing cybersecurity training
C) Developing programming languages
D) Issuing cybersecurity advisories
Answer: C)
Explanation: CERT-In does not develop programming languages; its primary functions include incident response, analysis, and providing training and advisories related to cybersecurity.
4.Which of the following entities does CERT-In collaborate with?
A) Private corporations only
B) Only government agencies
C) International cybersecurity organizations and various stakeholders
D) Non-profit organizations exclusively
Answer: C)
Explanation: CERT-In collaborates with various stakeholders, including international organizations, government agencies, and the private sector, to enhance cybersecurity measures.
5.What is the significance of the alerts and advisories issued by CERT-In?
A) They are mandatory for all internet users.
B) They help organizations and individuals stay informed about potential cybersecurity threats.
C) They are only relevant for government entities.
D) They are legal documents that must be followed.
Answer: B)
Explanation: The alerts and advisories issued by CERT-In are important for raising awareness about vulnerabilities and threats, enabling organizations and individuals to take proactive measures.
Summary of Today’s News
Judicial Appointments by SC Collegium under Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud
• Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud’s Tenure: Begins last working week, leading the Supreme Court Collegium.
• Collegium Achievements:
o Advocated for online free speech and dignity based on sexual orientation.
o Promoted integrity in judicial appointments.
• Diversity Issues:
o Did not recommend any women for the Supreme Court Bench despite aims for a diverse court.
• Notable Delays:
o Saurabh Kirpal: Reiterated recommendation for elevation to Delhi HC remains stalled.
• Other Appointments:
o R. John Sathyan (Madras HC) and Amitesh Banerjee & Sakya Sen (Calcutta HC) recommendations not advanced.
o Justice S. Muralidhar: September 2022 transfer recommendation to Madras HC recalled; he retired in August 2023.
o Justice Bidyut Ranjan Sarangi: Six-month government delay led to only 15 days in office as Jharkhand Chief Justice (cleared July 3, 2024; retired July 19, 2024).
o Justice T. Raja: Transfer recommendation to Rajasthan not acted upon; he retired from Madras HC.
• Government Interference:
o Preference for Justice Victoria Gowri over Sathyan despite collegium’s seniority instruction.
• Judicial Bench Action:
o Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul criticized government for delayed and selective judicial appointments and transfers.
o Warned of potential embarrassing responses from the Collegium regarding judicial seniority.
• Recent Developments: The case on delayed appointments was not on the retired Justice Kaul’s final list, prompting a remark about some issues being “best left unsaid.”
The First Asian Buddhist Summit in New Delhi
• Event Details:
o Name: First Asian Buddhist Summit
o Location: New Delhi
o Date: Begins tomorrow (inauguration on Tuesday)
o Organizers: Government of India and International Buddhist Confederation
• Theme: “Role of Buddha Dhamma in Strengthening Asia”
o Reflects India’s Act East Policy focused on collective, inclusive, and spiritual development in Asia.
• Inauguration:
o Led by President Droupadi Murmu.
• Participants:
o Buddhist leaders, scholars, experts, and practitioners from various traditions across Asia.
o Aims to foster dialogue, promote understanding, and address contemporary challenges faced by the Buddhist community.
• Cultural Significance:
o Buddhism’s unique position in India’s spiritual and cultural history and its influence across Asia.
o Emphasis on common values and outlook towards life and divinity, uniting Asia through Buddha’s teachings.
o Noted integration of Buddhist symbols in India’s national identity and foreign policy, highlighting the complementary relationship between Buddha Dhamma, India, and Asia.
WHO’s Global Tuberculosis Report 2024
• The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted both progress and ongoing challenges in India’s fight against tuberculosis (TB) in its latest Global TB Report.
About
• Global TB Cases: TB remains the leading infectious killer, surpassing COVID-19, with 8.2 million new cases in 2023.
• India’s TB Burden: India, with the highest TB burden globally, recorded 2.8 million cases in 2023. India alone accounted for 26% of global cases and 29% of global TB deaths (315,000 deaths).
• India is followed by Indonesia (10%), China (6.8%), the Philippines (6.8%), and Pakistan (6.3%).
• Multidrug-Resistant TB: India represents 27% of the world’s multi-drug-resistant TB cases, underscoring the need for specialized treatment approaches.
What is Tuberculosis?
• Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs and is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or spit.
• Symptoms: prolonged cough (sometimes with blood), chest pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweats.
• While TB usually affects the lungs, it also affects the kidneys, brain, spine and skin.
• Treatment: It is preventable and curable with antibiotics.
• TB Vaccine: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine remains the only licensed vaccine against TB; it provides moderate protection against severe forms of TB (TB meningitis) in infants and young children.
• India’s goal is to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2025, five years ahead of the global target of 2030.
