Today in History (July 13th, 1878)
On this day, in 1878, the Treaty of Berlin was signed. It settled territorial disputes from the Russo-Turkish War, recognizing independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and granting autonomy to Bulgaria, among other territorial adjustments.
Summary of Today’s News
National Research Foundation (NRF)
The National Research Foundation (NRF), proposed under the National Education Policy 2020, aims to coordinate research efforts between researchers, Government bodies, and industry. It will operate with a budget of ₹50,000 crore over five years, with 28% funded by the Government and 72% by the private sector. The NRF draft emphasizes the need for timely funding and streamlined processes. However, concerns remain regarding the funding gap compared to other economies and the need for transparency and effective implementation.
Internet Shutdowns
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is exploring the possibility of implementing selective app bans instead of complete internet shutdowns to mitigate their impact. Internet shutdowns are occasionally imposed in India to maintain law and order, but they disrupt access to education, work, and essential services. The TRAI’s approach would involve cooperation between telecom operators and messaging app firms to restrict access during a shutdown. The TRAI had previously considered regulating messaging apps for security and surveillance reasons. VPNs, which can bypass website and app blocks, have also been a concern for the Government.
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures changes in the price level of a basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. It is calculated using representative prices collected periodically. CPI captures consumer-level price changes and differs from the Wholesale Price Index (WPI), which tracks producer-level prices. Different types of CPI exist, including CPI for Industrial Workers, Agricultural Labourers, Rural Labourers, and Urban Non-Manual Employees.
Appointment of Hon’ble Supreme Court Judges
Telangana High Court Chief Justice Ujjal Bhuyan and Kerala High Court Chief Justice S. Venkatanarayana Bhatti have been appointed as the Supreme Court judges under Article 124 of the Constitution, based on the recommendation of the Supreme Court Collegium. With these appointments, the current strength of the Supreme Court is 33 judges.
