{"id":2803,"date":"2024-09-12T09:38:49","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T09:38:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/?p=2803"},"modified":"2024-09-12T09:39:46","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T09:39:46","slug":"mlc-daily-current-affairs-12-september-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/mlc-daily-current-affairs-12-september-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"MLC Daily Current Affairs – 12 September 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today in History (September 12th<\/sup>, 1686)<\/h1>\n

Aurangzeb ended Adilshah’s kingdom. The garrison lost heart and surrendered Sikandar who was sent to the state prison at Daulatabad. Bijapur was invested and the city opened its gates to the Mughals. Bijapur as an independent kingdom ceased to exist.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s Revise<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A) A study which ranked countries based on plastic pollution was published in which journal? <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Lancet<\/li>\n
  2. Nature<\/li>\n
  3. Chemical Reviews<\/li>\n
  4. Science<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Answer: 2)<\/strong>
    \nExplanation:<\/strong> The study published in Nature has reported India ranks first due to a lack of access to waste collection facilities.
    \nB) Which country has secured the top spot as the biggest plastic polluter in the world?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. China<\/li>\n
    2. India<\/li>\n
    3. Nigeria<\/li>\n
    4. Indonesia<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Answer: 2) <\/strong>
      \nExplanation:<\/strong> India releases 20% of the global plastic pollution or 9.3 million tonnes of plastic annually, making it the top plastic polluter.
      \nC) What percentage of global plastic emissions does India contribute?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 10%<\/li>\n
      2. 15%<\/li>\n
      3. 20%<\/li>\n
      4. 25%<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Answer: 3)<\/strong>
        \nExplanation:<\/strong> India contributes roughly one-fifth (20%) of global plastic emissions.
        \nD) What is the primary reason for India\u2019s top ranking in plastic pollution?<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. High plastic production<\/li>\n
        2. Lack of waste collection facilities<\/li>\n
        3. High population<\/li>\n
        4. Industrial waste<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Answer: 2)<\/strong>
          \nExplanation:<\/strong> The study attributes India\u2019s top ranking to inadequate waste collection facilities.
          \nE) What is the official waste generation rate in India per capita per day?<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. 0.10 kilograms<\/li>\n
          2. 0.12 kilograms<\/li>\n
          3. 0.15 kilograms<\/li>\n
          4. 0.20 kilograms<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Answer: 2) <\/strong>
            \nExplanation:<\/strong> India\u2019s official waste generation rate is approximately 0.12 kilograms per capita per day.
            \nF) Which countries rank second and third in plastic emissions after India?<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. China and Indonesia<\/li>\n
            2. Nigeria and Indonesia<\/li>\n
            3. Brazil and China<\/li>\n
            4. Pakistan and Bangladesh<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Answer: 2)<\/strong>
              \nExplanation:<\/strong> Nigeria and Indonesia rank second and third with 3.5 Mt and 3.4 Mt of emissions, respectively.
              \nG) How many countries contribute to roughly 69% of the world\u2019s plastic waste emissions?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. 10<\/li>\n
              2. 15<\/li>\n
              3. 20<\/li>\n
              4. 25<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Answer: 3) <\/strong>
                \nExplanation:<\/strong> 20 countries contribute to roughly 69% of the world\u2019s plastic waste emissions.
                \nH) How many high-income countries are ranked in the top 90 plastic polluters?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. 0<\/li>\n
                2. 4<\/li>\n
                3. 7<\/li>\n
                4. 9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Answer: 1) <\/strong>
                  \nExplanation:<\/strong> No high-income countries are ranked in the top 90 polluters due to better waste management.
                  \nI) What was the largest emission source in the Global North?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Industrial waste<\/li>\n
                  2. Littering<\/li>\n
                  3. Uncollected waste<\/li>\n
                  4. Agricultural waste<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Answer: 2) <\/strong>
                    \nExplanation:<\/strong> Littering was the largest emission source in the Global North.
                    \nJ) What was the dominant source of plastic emissions in the Global South?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Industrial waste<\/li>\n
                    2. Littering<\/li>\n
                    3. Uncollected waste<\/li>\n
                    4. Agricultural waste<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Answer: 3)<\/strong>
                      \nExplanation:<\/strong> Uncollected waste was the dominant source across the Global South.
                      \nK) What is the goal of the Global Plastics Treaty?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Increase plastic production<\/li>\n
                      2. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from plastic<\/li>\n
                      3. Promote plastic use<\/li>\n
                      4. Ban plastic completely<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Answer: 2) <\/strong>
                        \nExplanation:<\/strong> The treaty aims to reduce plastic pollution, mandatory chemical test, regular evaluations, reduce greenhouse gas emissions from plastic production, use, and disposal.
                        \nL) Which of the following is NOT a finding of the study?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. High-income countries have higher plastic waste generation rates<\/li>\n
                        2. High-income countries are ranked in the top 90 polluters<\/li>\n
                        3. Littering is the largest emission source in the Global North<\/li>\n
                        4. Uncollected waste is the dominant source in the Global South<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Answer: 2)<\/strong>
                          \nExplanation:<\/strong> High-income countries are not ranked in the top 90 polluters due to effective waste management.
                          \nM) Which of the following is caused by plastic burning?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Water pollution\t<\/li>\n
                          2. Sound pollution<\/li>\n
                          3. Air pollution<\/li>\n
                          4. All of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Answer: 3)<\/strong>
                            \nExplanation:<\/strong> Plastic burning causes air pollution by releasing poisonous gases into the environment. It also emits soot contributing to weather change.
                            \nN) Choose a biodegradable substance.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Thermoplastic\t<\/li>\n
                            2. Thermosetting plastic<\/li>\n
                            3. PVC pipes<\/li>\n
                            4. None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              Answer: 4)<\/strong>
                              \nExplanation:<\/strong> Substances that can be degraded by natural facets like fungi, bacteria, temperature and oxygen are known as biodegradable substances. Thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic and PVC pipes can not be degraded by natural facets and therefore are classified as non-biodegradable substances.
                              \nO) Which of the following is a thermosetting plastic?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. Silicones<\/li>\n
                              2. Vulcanised rubber<\/li>\n
                              3. Polyester<\/li>\n
                              4. All of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                Answer: 4)<\/strong>
                                \nExplanation:<\/strong> A plastic which, when once moulded, cannot be softened and moulded again is known as thermosetting plastic. Silicones, vulcanised rubber and polyester are examples of thermosetting plastics.
                                \nP) Which of the following is used to make handles of utensils?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. Polyvinyl chloride<\/li>\n
                                2. Bakelite<\/li>\n
                                3. Both (a) and (b)<\/li>\n
                                4. None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  Answer: 2)<\/strong>
                                  \nExplanation:<\/strong> Bakelite is used to make handles of utensils as it is a thermosetting plastic, i.e. it does not soften up and conduct heat.
                                  \nQ) PVC is the abbreviation of _______.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. Polyvinyl chloride<\/li>\n
                                  2. Polyvenyl chloride<\/li>\n
                                  3. Polyoxyvinyl chloride<\/li>\n
                                  4. None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    Answer: 1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    Summary of Today\u2019s News<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                                    Madrasas \u2018unfit\u2019 for proper education, NCPCR tells SC<\/span><\/h3>\n

                                    \u2022\tThe NCPCR highlighted issues of curriculum, eligibility of teachers, opaque funding, and others.
                                    \n\u2022\tJust a few NCERT books for the name sake it does not ensure that children are receiving formal and quality education, it says
                                    \n\u2022\tThe National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), the top child rights protection body in the country,
                                    \n\u2022\tIt has told the Supreme Court that madrasas are \u201cunsuitable or unfit\u201d places for children to receive \u201cproper education\u201d.
                                    \n\u2022\tThe NCPCR, made the submission in response to petitions challenging an Allahabad High Court judgment which struck down the Uttar Pradesh Board of Madrasa Education Act, 2004.
                                    \n\u2022\tThe commission said the textbooks in madrasas \u201cprofess supremacy of Islam\u201d.
                                    \n\u2022\tThe NCPCR highlighted issues of <\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • curriculum,<\/li>\n
                                    • eligibility of teachers, <\/li>\n
                                    • opaque funding,<\/li>\n
                                    • violation of land laws, and <\/li>\n
                                    • failure to provide children a holistic environment as problems associated with madrasas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \u2022\t\u201cThe teachers appointed in madrasas are largely dependent on the conventional methods used in learning Koran and other religious texts.
                                      \n\u2022\tThe \u2018scanty and unregularised\u2019 working in madrasas creates a haywire system which just stands alone on the conventional ground of religion,\u201d it said.
                                      \n\u2022\t\u201cMajority of madrasas have no idea as to how to plan social events or extracurricular activities, such as <\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • field trips, that could provide students with some level of experiential learning\u2026 Madrasa education is neither all-encompassing nor thorough. <\/li>\n
                                      • It is not helping children advance since it lacks so many crucial components of learning. <\/li>\n
                                      • Madrasas infringe on children\u2019s fundamental right to a good education by failing to provide these basic requirements. <\/li>\n
                                      • Children are denied not only a suitable education but also a healthy atmosphere and improved opportunities for growth,\u201d the commission said.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \u2022\tIt said children from faiths other than Islam were also studying in madrasas in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
                                        \n\u2022\tProviding Islamic religious education to non-Muslims was a violation of Article 28(3) of the Constitution, which upholds the right against forced participation in religious instruction or worship.
                                        \n\u2022\tThe High Court had ordered the transfer of madrasa students to regular schools.
                                        \n\u2022\tThe top court stayed the implementation of the High Court decision in April.
                                        \n\u2022\tOn Wednesday, a three-judge Bench headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud said the petitions would be taken up for a detailed hearing soon.
                                        \n\u2022\tTaking Uttar Pradesh\u2019s case, the NCPCR drew the court\u2019s attention to the Darul Uloom Deoband Madrasa founded in Deoband in Saharanpur district.
                                        \n\u2022\t\u201cAccording to the information available the Deoband Madrasa fanned out across South Asia and has also set up seminaries, or madrasas, teaching an austere version of Islam, particularly along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border\u2026
                                        \n\u2022\tit has also been alleged by Taliban extremists groups to have been influenced by the religious and political ideologies of Darul Uloom Deoband Madrasa\u2026
                                        \n\u2022\tthe Deoband Madrasa issues fatwas online as well as offline and has a very strict and conservative interpretation of Sharia, as evidenced by its issuance of roughly 2,50,000 fatwas which restrict followers in terms of faith, life, and many other aspects,\u201d the NCPCR submitted.
                                        \n\u2022\t\u201cThough madrasas dot the country, only States such as Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand have Madrasa Boards.
                                        \n\u2022\tLarge number of children attend madrasas that are either unrecognised or unmapped,\u201d the commission observed.<\/p>\n