{"id":2835,"date":"2024-09-19T10:18:41","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T10:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/?p=2835"},"modified":"2024-09-19T10:43:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T10:43:45","slug":"mlc-daily-current-affairs-19-september-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/mlc-daily-current-affairs-19-september-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"MLC Daily Current Affairs – 19 September 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today in History (September 19th<\/sup>, 1960)<\/h1>\n

A treaty was signed at Karachi by Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, the then President of Pakistan, Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Indian Prime Minister and Mr. W.A.B. Illif of the World Bank on 19th September, 1960.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s Revise<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A) What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Resistance of humans to antibiotics<\/li>\n
  2. Resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs<\/li>\n
  3. Resistance of plants to pesticides<\/li>\n
  4. Resistance of animals to vaccines<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Answer: B<\/strong>
    \nExplanation:<\/strong> AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder to treat.
    \nB) Which of the following is NOT a consequence of AMR?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Increased risk of disease spread<\/li>\n
    2. Easier treatment of infections<\/li>\n
    3. Severe illness<\/li>\n
    4. Increased risk of death<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Answer: B<\/strong>
      \nExplanation:<\/strong> AMR makes infections harder to treat, increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death.
      \nC) By what percentage did AMR deaths among children under five decline between 1990 and 2021?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 20%<\/li>\n
      2. 30%<\/li>\n
      3. 50%<\/li>\n
      4. 80%<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Answer: C<\/strong>
        \nExplanation:<\/strong> The total number of AMR deaths globally among children under five declined by 50 percent during this period.
        \nD) What is the estimated number of deaths worldwide by 2050 due to antibiotic-resistant infections?<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. 10 crore<\/li>\n
        2. 20 crore<\/li>\n
        3. 30 crore<\/li>\n
        4. 39 crore<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Answer: D<\/strong>
          \nExplanation:<\/strong> Over 39 crore deaths by antibiotic-resistant infections are estimated to occur worldwide by 2050.
          \nE) What is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance?<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics<\/li>\n
          2. Lack of vaccines<\/li>\n
          3. Poor physical exercises<\/li>\n
          4. Climate change<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Answer: A<\/strong>
            \nExplanation:<\/strong> The excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance.
            \nF) Which age group saw an increase in AMR deaths by more than 80% between 1990 and 2021?<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Children under five<\/li>\n
            2. People aged 20-30 years<\/li>\n
            3. People aged 50-60 years<\/li>\n
            4. People aged 70 years and above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Answer: D<\/strong>
              \nExplanation:<\/strong> The number of AMR deaths among people aged 70 years and above increased by more than 80 percent during this period.
              \nG) What is the impact of AMR on cancer chemotherapy and major surgeries?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. No impact<\/li>\n
              2. Reduced effectiveness<\/li>\n
              3. Increased effectiveness\t<\/li>\n
              4. No change<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Answer: B<\/strong>
                \nExplanation:<\/strong> Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a threat to the successful treatment of infectious diseases, organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, and major surgeries.
                \nH) What is the primary cause of AMR according to the report?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Genetic mutations<\/li>\n
                2. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics<\/li>\n
                3. Climate change<\/li>\n
                4. Poor sanitation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Answer: B<\/strong>
                  \nExplanation:<\/strong> The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance.<\/p>\n

                  Summary of Today\u2019s News<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                  Economic Performance of Indian States<\/span><\/h3>\n

                  Context:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tA report titled \u201cRelative Economic Performance of Indian States: 1960-61 to 2023-24\u201d has been released by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM).
                  \nKey Points:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tThe report looks at how states have performed economically over the past 64 years using two measures: their share in India\u2019s GDP and their per capita income compared to the national average.
                  \n\u2022\tA state\u2019s share in India\u2019s GDP is found by dividing the state\u2019s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) by the total GSDP of all states.
                  \n\u2022\tRelative per capita income is calculated by comparing the state\u2019s per capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) to the all-India per capita Net National Product.
                  \n\u2022\tThe data comes from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
                  \nKey Findings:<\/strong>
                  \nSouthern States:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tBefore 1991, southern states didn\u2019t perform exceptionally well. However, since the economic reforms of 1991, they have become top performers.
                  \n\u2022\tIn 2023-24, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu together made up about 30% of India\u2019s GDP.
                  \n\u2022\tAfter 1991, the per capita income of all southern states became higher than the national average.
                  \nWestern States:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tMaharashtra has had the highest share of India\u2019s GDP for most of the period.
                  \n\u2022\tGujarat\u2019s share increased quickly from 6.4% in 2000-01 to 8.1% in 2022-23.
                  \n\u2022\tBoth Gujarat and Maharashtra have had per capita incomes above the national average since the 1960s.
                  \n\u2022\tGoa has excelled in terms of per capita income, doubling its relative per capita income since 1970-71.
                  \nNorthern States:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tDelhi and Haryana have done very well, but Punjab\u2019s economy has worsened since 1991.
                  \n\u2022\tDelhi\u2019s share of India\u2019s GDP grew from 1.4% to 3.6% during this time.
                  \n\u2022\tHaryana\u2019s share of India\u2019s GDP is now higher than Punjab\u2019s, with its per capita income at 176.8%, compared to Punjab\u2019s 106.7% in 2023-24.
                  \nEastern States:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tWest Bengal, which had the third-largest share of national GDP at 10.5% in 1960-61, now only accounts for 5.6% in 2023-24.
                  \n\u2022\tWest Bengal\u2019s per capita income dropped to 83.7% in 2023-24 from 127.5%.
                  \n\u2022 The per capita income of undivided Bihar was 70.3% in 1960-61, but it fell to 31% in 2000-01 for the divided state of Bihar.
                  \n\u2022\tOdisha\u2019s per capita income increased from 54.3% in 1990-91 to 88.5% in 2023-24.
                  \nCentral States:<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tUttar Pradesh had a 14.4% share of India\u2019s GDP in 1960-61, but this share has been declining, even after the state was divided.
                  \n\u2022\tMadhya Pradesh saw a decline over five decades (from 82.4% in 1960-61 to 60.1% in 2010-11).
                  \n\u2022\tHowever, its per capita income rose from 60.1% in 2010-11 to 77.4% in 2023-24.
                  \nNorth-eastern states: <\/strong>
                  \n\u2022In 1980-81, Sikkim\u2019s per capita income was below the national average. However, it\u2019s per capita income surged from around 100 percent of the national average in 2000-01 to 320 percent in 2023-24.
                  \n\u2022\tAssam, which initially had a per capita income slightly above the national average experienced a decline reaching 73.7 percent in 2023- 24.
                  \nReasons for regional disparities among the states<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tUnequal Resource Distribution: Natural resources like minerals, fertile land, and water are unevenly distributed, benefiting some states more than others.
                  \n\u2022\tInfrastructure Gaps: States with better infrastructure (roads, electricity, ports) attract more investment and development, leading to growth disparities.
                  \n\u2022\tIndustrialization: Industrialized states experience faster economic growth, while states with limited industries remain underdeveloped.
                  \n\u2022\tGovernance and Policy Implementation: States with efficient governance and policies tend to grow faster compared to those with poor policy execution and governance issues.
                  \n\u2022\tHuman Capital and Education: States with better educational facilities and skilled labor force attract more businesses, leading to economic growth, while others lag behind due to lower human development indices.
                  \nIn conclusion<\/strong>
                  \n\u2022\tOverall, the western and southern regions of the country are outperforming others, with notable success also observed in parts of the north.
                  \n\u2022\tThe eastern part of the country continues to be a concern.
                  \n\u2022\tThe maritime states have clearly outperformed the other states, with the exception of West Bengal.
                  \n\u2022\tEven the coastal state of Odisha which was traditionally a laggard state has seen improved performance in the last two decades.
                  \n