{"id":3019,"date":"2024-10-24T12:08:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/?p=3019"},"modified":"2024-10-24T12:09:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:09:09","slug":"mlc-daily-current-affairs-24-october-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/mlc-daily-current-affairs-24-october-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"MLC Daily Current Affairs – 24 October 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today in History (October 24th<\/sup>, 1945)<\/h1>\n

October 24 is celebrated as United Nations Day to commemorate the day the UN Charter went into effect in 1945. The UN was established after World War II to maintain peace and friendly relations between nations<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s Revise<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A) Modi participated in the ______ BRICS summit hosted by Russia. <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 14th <\/li>\n
  2. 15th <\/li>\n
  3. 16th<\/li>\n
  4. 17th<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Answer: C)<\/strong>
    \nRationale:<\/strong> Modi participated in the 16th BRICS summit hosted by Russia in Kazan.<\/p>\n

    B)The city of which republic of Russian Federation hosted October 2024, BRICS summit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Altai Republic<\/li>\n
    2. Republic of Buryatia<\/li>\n
    3. Chechen Republic<\/li>\n
    4. dRepublic of Tatarstan<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Answer: D)<\/strong>
      \nRationale:<\/strong> The 2024 BRICS summit is the sixteenth annual BRICS summit, currently taking place in Kazan, Russia, from 22 to 24 October 2024. This is the first BRICS summit to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates as members following their accession to the organization at the 15th BRICS summit.<\/p>\n

      C) In which summit of BRICS, it was expanded by adding new five member countries?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. 15th<\/li>\n
      2. 12th<\/li>\n
      3. 16th<\/li>\n
      4. 27th<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Answer: A)<\/strong>
        \nRationale: <\/strong>In August 2023, at the 15th BRICS Summit, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that 6 emerging market group countries (Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) had been invited to join the bloc.<\/p>\n

        D) The Air Quality Index (AQI) in New Delhi persisted in the \u2018severe\u2019 category, registering at 466, this data is published by________<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of Delhi<\/li>\n
        2. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, GoI<\/li>\n
        3. Central Pollution Control Board<\/li>\n
        4. Office of the Lt. Governor of Delhi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Answer: C)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          E) In mega cities of India, the dominant source of air pollution is<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Transport sector<\/li>\n
          2. Tourism sector<\/li>\n
          3. Municipal waste<\/li>\n
          4. None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Answer: A)<\/strong>
            \nRationale:<\/strong> The transportation sector is an important industrial sector in the economy that deals with the movement of people and products. These include companies such as airlines, trucking, railroads, shipping, and logistics firms, as well as those that provide transportation infrastructure. Passenger travel is responsible for 60% of CO2 emissions from transportation, with freight accounting for the other 40%<\/p>\n

            F) What is the full form of POPs?<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Persistent Organic Pollutants <\/li>\n
            2. Persistent Oxygenated Pollutants<\/li>\n
            3. Polycyclic Organic Pollutants<\/li>\n
            4. Polymerised Organic Pollutants<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Answer: A)<\/strong>
              \nRationale:<\/strong> Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs):
              \no\tPOPs are a group of organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes.
              \no\tDue to their persistence, they bioaccumulate in the food chain, posing a significant risk to human health and the environment.
              \no\tPOPs can be transported over long distances through air and water, leading to widespread distribution across the globe.
              \no\tExamples of POPs include DDT, PCBs, and dioxins, which are known for their toxic effects.<\/p>\n

              G) Which of the following are essential requirements for the formation of photochemical SMOG?<\/strong>
              \nA. Carbon monooxide (CO)
              \nB. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
              \nC. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
              \nD. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
              \nE. Sunlight
              \nChoose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. A, B and D only<\/li>\n
              2. A, C and E only<\/li>\n
              3. B, C, D and E only<\/li>\n
              4. B, D and E only<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u2022\tPhotochemical SMOG:
                \no\tPhotochemical smog is a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes.
                \no\tIt occurs when these emissions react in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight.
                \n\u2022\tEssential Components:
                \no\tNitrogen dioxide (NO2): A key precursor in the formation of photochemical smog. It reacts with sunlight to produce ozone, a major component of smog.
                \no\tVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): They react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form smog.
                \no\tSunlight: Provides the energy required for the photochemical reactions that lead to smog formation.
                \nAdditional Information
                \no\tCarbon monoxide (CO): While it is a pollutant, it is not a primary component in the formation of photochemical smog.
                \no\tCarbon dioxide (CO2): Although a greenhouse gas, it does not play a significant role in the formation of photochemical smog.
                \n\u2022\tHealth Effects:
                \no\tPhotochemical smog can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation, and reduced lung function.
                \no\tLong-term exposure can lead to chronic respiratory diseases and other health issues.<\/p>\n

                H) Which of the following is a type of air pollution that can cause respiratory problems?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Smog<\/li>\n
                2. Acid rain<\/li>\n
                3. Eutrophication<\/li>\n
                4. None of the above<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Answer. A)<\/strong>
                  \nRationale:<\/strong> Smog is a type of air pollution that is caused by the reaction of sunlight with pollutants in the air, such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Smog can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis. Acid rain, eutrophication, and ozone depletion are all environmental problems, but they are not directly related to air pollution that can cause respiratory problems.<\/p>\n

                  I) Which of the following pollutants is most commonly associated with respiratory diseases? <\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Sulfur dioxide<\/li>\n
                  2. Carbon monoxide<\/li>\n
                  3. Particulate matter (PM2.5)<\/li>\n
                  4. Ozone<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    Answer: C)<\/strong>
                    \nRationale:<\/strong> Particulate matter (PM2.5):
                    \no\tParticulate matter (PM2.5) refers to tiny particles or droplets in the air that are two and one-half microns or less in width.
                    \no\tThese particles can penetrate deep into the respiratory system and cause various health issues, including respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and other lung conditions.
                    \no\tPM2.5 is considered one of the most harmful air pollutants due to its ability to reach the alveoli in the lungs and enter the bloodstream.<\/p>\n

                    J) Which institute released the 2024 Economic Freedom of the World Report?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. World Bank<\/li>\n
                    2. Fraser Institute<\/li>\n
                    3. International Monetary Fund (IMF)<\/li>\n
                    4. World Economic Forum<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      Answer: B)<\/strong>
                      \nExplanation:<\/strong> The Fraser Institute released the 2024 Economic Freedom of the World Report.<\/p>\n

                      K) Which regions are ranked the top three in the 2024 Economic Freedom report?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. USA, UK, Canada<\/li>\n
                      2. Hong Kong, Singapore, Switzerland<\/li>\n
                      3. Japan, Germany, Australia<\/li>\n
                      4. China, India, Russia<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Answer: B) <\/strong>
                        \nExplanation:<\/strong> Hong Kong, Singapore, and Switzerland are the top three regions with the highest levels of economic freedom for the year 2022.<\/p>\n

                        L) What is India’s rank in the 2024 Economic Freedom report?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. 42nd<\/li>\n
                        2. 84th<\/li>\n
                        3. 25th<\/li>\n
                        4. 100th<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          Answer: B) <\/strong>
                          \nExplanation:<\/strong> India’s rank is 84th in the 2024 Economic Freedom report.<\/p>\n

                          Summary of Today’s News<\/strong><\/h2>\n

                          Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

                          Context<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tMass Bleaching: According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the mass bleaching of coral reefs around the world since 2023 is the most extensive ever recorded.
                          \n\u2022\tAffected Areas: 77% of the world\u2019s coral reefs, spanning the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, have been affected by heat stress leading to bleaching.
                          \n\u2022\tGlobal Bleaching Event: In 2024, NOAA declared a global bleaching event, the fourth such event since 1998.
                          \n\u2022\tGreat Barrier Reef: Documented mass bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef occurred in 1998, 2002, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2022, and 2024.
                          \n\u2022\tPrevious Record: The earlier record from 2014 to 2017 saw about 66% of the world\u2019s reefs affected.
                          \n\u2022\tFuture Assessments:<\/p>\n

                          What are Corals?<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \u2022\tCorals: Invertebrates belonging to a group called Cnidaria.
                          \n\u2022\tFormation: Made of small, soft organisms called polyps.
                          \n\u2022\tExoskeleton: Polyps secrete a calcium carbonate exoskeleton for protection.
                          \n\u2022\tReefs: Coral reefs are formed by many polyps creating large carbonate structures.<\/p>\n

                          Appearance:<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tColors range from red, purple, and blue to shades of brown and green.
                          \n\u2022\tBrightness: Their bright colors come from algae called zooxanthellae.
                          \n\u2022\tTypes of Coral Reefs:
                          \n\u2022\tFringing Reefs: Form along shorelines.
                          \n\u2022\tBarrier Reefs: Found in open water.
                          \n\u2022\tAtolls: Circular reefs around sunken volcanoes.<\/p>\n

                          Significance:<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tMarine Life: Provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds for a quarter of all marine life.
                          \n\u2022\tHuman Benefits: Support over 1 billion people with food, livelihoods, and recreation.<\/p>\n

                          Coral Bleaching<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tCause: Occurs when corals expel algae from their tissues.
                          \n\u2022\tEffect: Corals become pale and vulnerable to starvation and disease.
                          \n\u2022\tRecovery: Bleached corals can recover if ocean temperatures cool down.
                          \n\u2022\tImpact: Estimated 14% of corals died in previous global bleaching events.
                          \n\u2022\tProjection: Up to 90% of reefs could be lost at 1.5\u00b0C of global warming.<\/p>\n

                          Triggers of Coral Bleaching<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tClimate Change: Primary cause due to warming oceans.
                          \n\u2022\tTemperature Change: As little as a 2\u00b0F change can cause bleaching.
                          \n\u2022\tOther Causes: Low tides, pollution, or too much sunlight.
                          \n\u2022\tEl Nino: A natural climate pattern that can temporarily warm oceans.<\/p>\n

                          Concerns<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tReef Recovery: Reefs rarely recover once corals die.
                          \n\u2022\tEcosystem Collapse: Affects marine life and human dependence on reefs.
                          \n\u2022\tImplications: Negative impact on ocean health, fisheries, and tourism.<\/p>\n

                          Impact of Coral Bleaching<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tWildlife:
                          \n\u2022\tShelter, spawning grounds, and protection from predators.
                          \n\u2022\tSupport for organisms at the base of ocean food chains.
                          \n\u2022\tRisk of extinction for already at-risk species.
                          \n\u2022\tHumans:
                          \n\u2022\tNatural barriers against waves and storm surges.
                          \n\u2022\tEconomic value: $2.7 trillion in goods and services annually.
                          \n\u2022\tImpact on overfishing and reef tourism.<\/p>\n

                          Recovery<\/strong>
                          \n\u2022\tConditions: Corals can recover if temperatures drop and conditions normalize.
                          \n\u2022\tAlgae Return: If conditions improve, algae return and corals regain health.<\/p>\n

                          Way Forward:<\/strong>
                          \n1.\tStrengthening Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):
                          \n\u2022\tExplanation: Expanding and enforcing MPAs helps protect coral reefs from human activities and allows ecosystems to thrive without disturbances.<\/p>\n

                          2.\tImplementing Coral Restoration Techniques:
                          \n\u2022\tCoral Gardening: Growing corals in nurseries and transplanting them to reefs.
                          \n\u2022\tBreeding Resilient Species: Cultivating coral species that can withstand bleaching, enhancing their survival and recovery.<\/p>\n

                          3.\tAdvocating for Global Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
                          \n\u2022\tExplanation: Cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions will help limit global warming and ocean acidification, which are major threats to coral reefs.<\/p>\n

                          4.\tIncreasing Investment in Research:
                          \n\u2022\tExplanation: Investing in research helps scientists understand why corals bleach, how they recover, and develop better monitoring technologies. This can inform more effective conservation strategies. These steps focus on protecting and restoring coral reefs, addressing the root causes of bleaching, and enhancing our understanding of coral ecosystems.<\/p>\n