{"id":3404,"date":"2025-01-22T11:14:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-22T11:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/?p=3404"},"modified":"2025-01-22T11:14:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T11:14:33","slug":"mlc-daily-current-affairs-22-january-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawentranceindia.com\/blogs\/mlc-daily-current-affairs-22-january-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"MLC Daily Current Affairs – 22 January 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today in History ( January 22nd<\/sup>,1947)<\/h1>\n

Yes, the Constituent Assembly of India unanimously adopted the Objectives Resolution on January 22, 1947. The resolution was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946.<\/p>\n

Let\u2019s Revise<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Q.1) Recently seen in news \u201cplanet parade\u201d is associated with ___<\/strong>
\na) All the known planets can be seen at the same time
\nb) When none of the planet can be seen
\nc) When Earth is nearest to sun
\nd) When some planets seem to be in a formation
\nAnswer: (d)<\/strong>
\nRationale:<\/strong> Recently, four planets in our solar system namely Venus, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars have formed a breathtaking arc across the night sky and created a rare phenomenon known as \u2018planet parade\u2019.
\nQ.2) Recently the USA has elected its President Donald Trump, who has taken oath as the Vice President of USA?<\/strong>
\na) JD Vance
\nb) Kamla Haris
\nc) Tony Stark
\nd) Mark Zukerberg
\nAnswer: (a)<\/strong>
\nRationale:<\/strong> On 20th January, 2025 at the Capitol, Vice President J.D. Vance was sworn in first, followed by Trump.
\nQ.3) Which latitude passes through Gulf of Mexico?<\/strong>
\na) Tropic of Cancer
\nb) Tropic of Capricorn
\nc) Equator
\nd) Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
\nAnswer: (a)<\/strong>
\nRationale:<\/strong> The Tropic of Cancer passes through the Gulf of Mexico. The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that runs around the Earth at a latitude of 23.5\u00b0 north of the equator. Please see the map:
\nQ.4) Which country is known as \u201cGlobal Police Man\u201d?<\/strong>
\na) China
\nb) Russia
\nc) Britain
\nd) USA
\nAnswer: (d)<\/strong>
\nRationale:<\/strong> In geopolitics USA is sometimes referred to global police man.
\nQ.5) Find the incorrect statement about USA<\/strong>
\na) The USA is the world’s third largest country by size.
\nb) The USA is nearly the world’s third largest country by population.
\nc) The capital of the USA is Washington, D.C.
\nd) The USA is a Union republic with a constitution.
\nAnswer: (d)<\/strong>
\nRationale:<\/strong> The USA is a North American country bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Canada to the north, and Mexico to the south.
\n\u2022 Size: The USA is the world’s third largest country by size.
\n\u2022 Population: The USA is nearly the world’s third largest country by population.
\n\u2022 Capital: The capital of the USA is Washington, D.C.
\n\u2022 Government: The USA is a federal republic with a constitution.<\/p>\n

Summary of Today’s News<\/strong><\/h2>\n

India Became the 7th Largest Producer of Coffee<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Context<\/strong>
\nAccording to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, India has now become the seventh-largest coffee producer in the world, with coffee exports totaling 1.29 billion dollars in the last fiscal year.
\nThis marks a significant increase from the 719 million dollars in exports during 2020-21.
\nAbout<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Major export destinations for Indian coffee include Italy, Belgium, and Russia.
\n\u2022 India primarily exports unroasted coffee beans, but there is an emerging demand for value-added products such as roasted and instant coffee.
\n\u2022 Domestic consumption is rising due to the growing caf\u00e9 culture, higher disposable incomes, and a shift in preference from tea to coffee in India.
\nCoffee Production <\/strong>
\n\u2022 Brazil remains the world\u2019s leading coffee producer, contributing approximately 40% of global output, followed by Vietnam.
\n\u2022 India produces two main types of coffee:
\n\u2022 Arabica and
\n\u2022 Robusta.
\nCoffee in India is mainly produced for export, with around 65% to 70% of the country’s coffee being shipped abroad.
\nAreas<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Traditionally, coffee is cultivated in the Western Ghats, across Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
\n\u2022 In addition, non-traditional coffee-growing regions like Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and the North Eastern states are seeing growth in production.
\nLeading States<\/strong>
\nKarnataka is the largest producer of coffee in India, followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
\n\u2022 Climatic Conditions
\n\u2022 Coffee plants thrive in temperatures between 15\u00b0C and 24\u00b0C.
\n\u2022 Temperatures outside this range can negatively affect the growth and yield of the coffee plant.
\n\u2022 India grows its coffee under a structured two-tier mixed shade canopy, which consists of evergreen leguminous trees.
\n\u2022 These shade trees help prevent soil erosion on sloped terrains, enrich the soil by recycling nutrients from deeper layers, and shield the coffee plants from temperature fluctuations.
\n\u2022 Coffee Board of India
\n\u2022 The Indian government created the Coffee Board under the Coffee Act VII of 1942, which is administered by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
\nThe Board is made up of 33 members, including the Chairman and the Secretary & Chief Executive Officer.
\n\u2022 Its role is to promote coffee production in India.
\n\u2022 The headquarters of the Coffee Board of India is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka<\/p>\n

Contract Farming<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

India’s transition from being an importer to an exporter of frozen French fries underscores the significant role contract farming plays in supporting both the agricultural industry and farmers.
\nWhat is Contract Farming?<\/strong>
\nContract farming refers to agricultural production conducted based on an agreement between farmers and buyers, which outlines conditions for the production and marketing of the crops.
\n\u2022 Farmers: They commit to producing specific agricultural products according to the buyer\u2019s requirements, meeting standards related to quality, quantity, and timing.
\n\u2022 Buyers: These are typically agribusiness firms, processors, exporters, or retailers who offer essential inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and technical assistance, along with a guaranteed price for the produce.
\nTypes of Contract Farming Arrangements<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Direct Input Provision by the Company: In this arrangement, the company provides all the necessary inputs to farmers, and the costs for these inputs and services are deducted from the payment the farmer receives after harvesting and delivering the produce.
\n\u2022 Partnership with Local Input Dealers: This model reflects a range of involvement by the company, balancing between direct control and reliance on local third-party service providers. The choice of this arrangement depends on:<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Availability of local service providers.
\n\u2022 The company\u2019s resources and capabilities.
\n\u2022 The complexity involved in the crop production process.
\nAdvantages of Contract Farming<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Assured Income: Farmers benefit from a guaranteed market and fixed prices for their produce, minimizing income instability.
\n\u2022 Access to Quality Inputs: Buyers provide high-quality seeds, fertilizers, and advanced technology, which enhances both the productivity and quality of the crops.
\n\u2022 Reduction in Post-Harvest Losses: Proper guidance and market access help reduce post-harvest losses.
\n\u2022 Facilitates Credit Access: The guaranteed income from contracts helps farmers secure loans from financial institutions.
\nConcerns Associated with Contract Farming<\/strong>
\n\u2022 Power Imbalance: Farmers, especially smallholders, may lack bargaining power, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation by buyers.
\n\u2022 Side-Selling: Farmers may sell the contracted produce to other buyers if offered better prices, breaching the agreement.
\n\u2022 Quality Disputes: Conflicts may arise over disagreements regarding quality standards, leading to delayed payments.
\n\u2022 Exclusion of Marginal Farmers: Buyers tend to favor larger farmers for economies of scale, often excluding small and marginal farmers from participation.
\n\u2022 Environmental Concerns: The focus on specific crops can lead to monocropping, soil depletion, and excessive use of agricultural inputs.
\nGovernment Initiatives and Legal Framework<\/strong>
\n\u2022 The Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract Farming and Services Act, 2018 offers a legal structure for fair contracts, dispute resolution, and protection of farmers\u2019 interests.
\n\u2022 Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) promote collective bargaining power for farmers involved in contract farming.
\n\u2022 e-NAM Integration: This platform enhances transparency in contract enforcement and pricing.
\n\u2022 National Policy on Agriculture: This policy advocates for contract farming as a means to boost productivity and rural income.
\nWay Ahead<\/strong>
\nFor the continued sustainable growth of contract farming, it is crucial to focus on inclusive practices, technological progress, and effective evaluation systems.
\nContracts should be designed to support small and marginal farmers by simplifying terms and providing affordable input support.
\nSuch inclusivity will empower underrepresented farming communities and promote equitable growth throughout the agricultural sector.<\/p>\n